82 PHYSIOGRAPHY. 



3. MIOCENE (wanting in England), Sequoia, Myrtus, Acacia, 

 Betula, Mastodon, Dcinotherium, Rhinoceros, Drier ocer as, Machair- 

 odus, Hycenarctos, Anthropoid Apes, Palceocastor. 



4. PLIOCENE (Coralline, Red, Norwich Crag, 180). Salt-beds in 

 Poland. Many modern trees, e.g. walnut., maple, birch, hickory. 

 Hipparion, Elephax meridionalis, Tapirus priscus, Sus antiquus, 

 Hywna antiqica, Equips plicidens, Fells pardoides, Ccrvus, Castor. 



5. PLEISTOCENE (Diluvium, Glacial action, Cave deposits). 

 Many ancient animal*, e.g. Machairoduslatidens, Elcphasantiquus, 

 and primigenius, Lagomys spelceus, Cave-bear, Cave-lion, Cave- 

 hywna, Canadian and Irish Elk and Mammoth are gradually re- 

 placed by modern forms, e.g. Lion, Grizzly and Polar Bears, Wild 

 Boar, Wolf, Fox, Glutton, Reindeer, lloe-deer, licd-^decr, Beaver, 

 Urus, Ibex, Musk-sheep. Man was contemporaneous 'with mo$t of 

 these animals. 



6. PREHISTORIC AND RECENT PERIOD. Divided into periods by 

 the material chiefly used for implements and weapons : 



(a). Palaeolithic age (rough chipped stone implements). 

 (/3). Neolithic a-ge (smooth rubbed stone implements). 



(y). Bronze age (copper, and copper tin zinc and lead implenients). 

 (Homer). 



(5). Iron age. 



(103) LENGTHS OF RIVERS IN KILOMETRES. (Of. 90 



Mississippi 7200 



Nile 6500? 



Amazons 6200 



Jenissei 5500 



Yang-tse-kiang 5200 



Rio de la Plata 4000 



Volga 3600 



Danube 2800 



Thames 346 



Severn .. 322 



