10 THE BOOK OF WHEAT. 



the center of hard spring wheat, Kansas of hard winter wheat 

 and north central Texas of durum wheats. White wheat is 

 raised on the Pacific coast. The center of red wheat, not 

 shown in this division, is from Kansas to the Eed river valley. 

 A still more general classification by the same author divides 

 the "United States crosswise into three divisions of approxi- 

 mately equal width, assigning the hard wheats to the northern 

 states, the soft wheats to the states of the middle latitudes, 

 and the durums to the southern states. About two-thirds of the 

 wheat raised in the United States is winter wheat. Nearly 90 

 per cent of the wheat grown in Russia is spring wheat. In 

 Canada, Manitoba raises spring wheat exclusively, but On- 

 tario and Alberta raise some of the winter variety. In Ger- 

 many, over 90 per cent of the wheat grown is of the winter 

 variety, which is largely grown over southern Europe and on 

 the British Isles. Spring wheat was once more generally called 

 summer wheat, and winter wheat is often also called fall 

 wheat. 



Carleton, on a geographical basis, located groups of varieties 

 having special qualities approximately as follows: 



1. Starchy white wheats: Pacific coast and Rocky Moun- 

 tain states, Chile, Turkestan, Australia and India 



2. Amber or reddish grained wheats, also starchy: Eastern 

 states, western and northern Europe, India, Japan and Aus- 

 tralia. 



3. Wheats with excellence of gluten content for making 

 bread: Northern and central states of the plains, Canada, 

 eastern and southern Russia, Hungary, Roumania and,, southern 

 Argentina. 



4. Wheats resistant to orange leaf rust: Southern Russia, 

 Mediterranean and Black Sea regions, and Australia. 



5. Wheats with excellence of gluten content for making 

 macaroni: Southern Russia, Algeria, and the Mediterranean 

 region in general. 



6. Wheats with stiff straw, which prevents lodging: Pacific 

 coast states, Japan, Turkestan, Mediterranean region and Aus- 

 tralia. 



7. Wheats with great yielding power (at least in propor- 

 tion to size of head) : Pacific coast states, Chile and Tur- 

 kestan. 



