152 



PARTICULAR FORMS OF FLOWERS 



261 



of rye (Fig. 260) and other grasses. The pistil 

 has 2 feathery protruded stigmas (wind-polli- 

 nated) shown at a, Fig. 260. There are 3 sta- 

 mens, b, b, b. There are minute scales in the 

 base of the flower (not shown in the cut) that 

 probably represent true floral envelopes. These 

 are lodicules. The larger parts, c, d, are bracts. 

 The larger one, d, is the flowering glume, and 

 the smaller, c, is a palet. The entire spikelet is 

 also subtended by two bracts or 

 glumes', these are the two lower- 

 most parts in b, Fig. 259. The 

 glumes of the spikelet, and flower- 

 ing glumes and palets of the flow- 

 ers, constitute the chaff when wheat 

 is threshed. Compare barley, Fig. 

 261. There are many grass plants Bariey'flower. 

 with large florets that are adap- Enlarged - 

 table to elementary class work, as millet (Fig. 

 262), sorghums (Figs. 232 to 234), rice, oats 

 (Fig. 191), and a number of big lawn grasses. 

 Maize is one of the Grass family. 



307. Attachment of the Flower Parts. The 

 parts of the flower may all be borne directly 

 on the torus, or one part may be borne on 

 another. With reference to the pistil or ovary, 

 the stamens and envelopes may be attached in 

 three ways: hypogynous, all free and attached 

 under the ovary, when it is said to be superior, 

 as in Fig. 202; perigynous, or attached to a 

 more or less evident cup surrounding the ovary, 

 as in Fig. 209; epigynous, some or all of them 

 apparently borne on the ovary, when it is said 

 to be inferior, as in Fig. 205. 



308. Double Flowers. Under the stimulus 





