164 



FRUITS 



297. 



296. Pepo or squash. 



ered, in the axils of the scales of the young cone, and they 



have neither style nor stigma. The pollen falls directly on 

 the mouth of the ovule. The ovule 

 ripens into a seed (Fig. 297) which is 

 usually winged. Because the 

 ovule is not borne in a sac 

 or ovary, these plants are 

 called gymnosperms (Greek for 

 "naked seeds"). All the true 

 cone-bearing plants are of this winged 

 class; also certain other Norway 

 plants as red cedar, juniper, s P ruce - 



yew. The plants are monoecious or sometimes dioecious. 



The staminate flowers are mere naked stamens borne 



beneath scales, in small yellow catkins which 



soon fall. The pistillate flowers are naked 



ovules beneath scales on cones which persist. 



(Figs. 298, 299.) 



REVIEW. What is a fruit, as understood by the 

 botanist?. What is a locule? What are simple, com- 

 pound and accessory or reinforced fruits? Define 

 pericarp. Pod. What are dehiscent and indehiscent 



fruits? What is a samara or key-fruit? 



Define achene. Follicle. Legume. Cap- 



sule. Explain septicidal and loculicidal 



dehiscence. Apical dehiscenc. Basal 



dehiscence. What is a pyxis? Silique? 



Silicle? Berry? Drupe? Drupelet? 298. Pistillate cone 



Explain an aggregate fruit. Explain 



the fruit of strawberry, rose, apple, 



squash. What is the fruit of pines 



j o 



and spruces? 



NOTE. Fully mature fruits are best for study, 

 particularly if 10 is desired to see dehiscence. For 

 comparison, pistils and partially grown fruits should 



be had at the Same time< If the fl>UitS ar6 nOt rip6 



pine. enough to dehisce, they may be placed in the sun to dry. 



the commonest of 

 planted ever- 

 greens. 



