224 



COMPETITION WITH FELLOWS 



are so constituted as to 

 grow well in both sun and 

 shade. Most ferns are 

 shade-lovers. 



382. In the midst of 

 dense plant populations, 

 each individual grows up- 

 wards for sunlight. Thus 

 are forests made : the com- 

 peting trees become long 

 slender boles with a mantle 

 of foliage at the top. The 

 side branches do not de- 

 velop or they die for lack of 

 light and food, and they fall 

 from decay or are broken 

 by storm; the wounds are 



healed, and the bole becomes symmetrical and trim. Fig. 



388 shows the interior of a primeval pine forest. Note the 



392. The forest center. Looking from the 

 woods, with the forest rim shown in 

 Fig. 391 seen in the distance. 



393. The foliage bank of a tangle. 



