PINES AND SPRUCES 



325 



481. Pinus rigida. 

 Old open cone at the left. 



used for lumber: leaves long and soft, light green, in 5's: cones long and 



symmetrical, with thin-edged scales, terminal on the shoots and falling 



after shedding the seeds. Grows as far 



south as Georgia. 



P. palustris, Mill. Long-leaved pine. 



Very tall tree, with nearly smooth bark: 



leaves very long and slender (usually a 



foot or more), clusters at the ends of the 



branches, in 3's: cones 6 in. or more 



long, the scales tipped with a short 



curved spine. Lumber tree. Virginia, 



south. 



P. rigida, Mill. Pitch pine. Fig. 481. 



Medium-sized or small tree with rough 



dark bark: leaves short and stiff, usually 



in 3's: cone 23 in. long, conical, the 



scales with a short spine. Grows as far 



south as Virginia; common in pine barrens of the north Atlantic coast. An 



eastern species. 



P. sylvestris, Linn. Scotch pine. Fig. 482. Medium-sized tree, with glau- 

 cous green leaves in 2's: cone short, the scales tipped with a prickle or point. 



Europe; very commonly 

 planted. 



P. austriaca, Hoss. 

 Austrian pine. Fig. 482. 

 Large tree with rough 

 bark, and long, dark 

 green stiff leaves (about 

 6 in. long) in 2's: cone 

 about 3 in. long, the 

 scales not prickly. 

 Europe, commonly 

 planted; a coarser tree 

 482. Pinus sylvestris (left). Pinus austriaca. than the Scotch pine. 



2. PlCEA. SPRUCE. 



Trees of medium or large size, with short, scattered leaves: cones 

 maturing the first year, hanging at maturity, their scales thin. 



P. Abies, Karst. (P. excelsa, Link). Norway spruce. Figs. 297, 298. 

 Becoming a tall tree: cones 6-7 in. long, the large scales very thin-edged. 

 Europe, but the commonest of planted evergreens. Until 25-40 years old, 

 the trees are symmetrical cone-shaped 

 specimens, holding their lower 

 branches. 



P. mariana, B.S.P. (P. 



rngra, 

 Link). Black spruce. Fig. 483. Becom- 



483. Picea mariana. 



