344 



THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



deep or shallow: acorn small, with a rather shallow and not fringed cup. 

 The commonest species. 



Q. macrocarpa, Michx. Bur oak. Fig. 501. Leaves obovate, downy 

 or pale on the lower surface, toothed towards the tips and irregularly and 

 often deeply lobed toward the base: acorn cups heavily fringed on the 

 margins: young branches corky. More common West. 



Q. Prinus, Linn. Chestnut oak. Fig. 502. Leaves rather long-obovate, 



503. Quercus bicolor. 



504. Quercus rubra. 



505. Quercus coccinea. 



toothed, with rounded teeth and yellow-ribbed: acorn long and the cup 

 hard-scaled: bark dark with broad, deep furrows. Eastern. 



Q. bicolor, Willd. Swamp white oak. Fig. 503. Leaves obovate. white- 

 downy on their lower surface, toothed with squarish teeth, the bases wedge- 

 shaped: acorn small, with the margin of the cup finely fringed. Common 

 in low grounds and along ravines. 



Q, virginiana, Mill. Live-oak. Leaves small, oblong, entire or sometimes 

 spiny-toothed, thick and evergreen: acorn oblong, the nut about one-third 

 covered with its scaly cup. Virginia, south. 



aa. Black oak group, distinguished by its dark furrowed bark, pointed lobes 

 of the leaves, and the acorns maturing the second year. 



Q. rubra, Linn. Red oak. Fig. 504. Leaves obovate or sometimes 

 shorter, the 7-9 lobes triangular and pointing toward the tips: acorn large, 

 flat-cupped. Common. 



Q. coccinea, Moench. Scarlet oak. Fig. 505. 

 Leaves obovate, bright scarlet in autumn, thin, 

 smooth on the lower surface, the sinuses deep, 

 wide and rounded : margin of the acorn cup round- 

 ing inwards and the scales close: inner bark 

 reddish. Common. 



Q. velutina, Lam. Black oak. Fig. 506. 

 Leaves obovate, coarser, downy on the lower sur- 

 face until midsummer or later, wider toward the 

 tip, the sinuses shallow (or sometimes as in the scarlet oak): margin of the 

 acorn cup not rounding inwards and the scales looser: inner bark orange. 

 Common. 



4. BfiTULA. BIRCH. 



Small to medium-sized trees, with sterile flowers in drooping, cylindrical 

 catkins, 3 flowers with 4 short stamens being borne under each bract : fertile 



506. Quercus velutina. 



