360 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



the heads of hairy styles). A common climbing plant, along fences, streams 

 and in low woodlands: leaves compound, glabrous, with 3 leaflets cut or 

 lobed and nearly heart-shaped at base: flowers small, in leafy panicles, poly- 

 gamo-dioecious ; petals none, but sepals whitish, thin, spreading: styles 

 long-plumed in fruit, making a feathery cluster. July, August. 



XVI. BERBERIDACE^E. BARBERRY FAMILY. 



Herbs and shrubs with alternate or radical leaves, sometimes with 

 stipules: flowers regular, perfect (except 1 genus), hypogynous, soli- 

 tary or racemed; sepals and petals usually in several rows of 3 each, 

 and calyx colored; stamens as many as petals (rarely mqre) and one 

 opposite to each petal: anthers opening at the top by 2 valves or 

 lids (except in Podophyllum) : pistil 1: fruit a berry or pod. About 20 

 genera and 100 species. 



A. Shrubs: flowers yellow: berries red or orange, remaining 



on branches into the winter 1. Berberis 



AA. Herbs. 



B. Flowers on leafless scapes: leaves radical, each 2- 



parted: fruit a pod, opening at the top by a lid 2. Jeffersonia 



BB. Flower on short pedicel, in fork between 2 large 



leaves: fruit a large, oval, edible berry 3. Podophyllum 



1. BERBERIS. BARBERRY. Figs. 168, 221. 



Shrubs, often spiny: flowers yellow, in drooping racemes; sepals 6-9, 

 colored, bracted; petals 6, each with 2 basal glandular spots; stamens 6, 

 irritable, bending inward when touched; pistil 1; stigma circular, sessile: 

 berries sour, 1 few-seeded: leaves simple or compound, bases dilated and 

 jointed on short petioles, usually spiny-toothed, sometimes reduced to 

 cleft spines. 



B. vulgaris, Linn. Common barberry. Leaves with repandly-toothed 

 margins, teeth spinous-pointed or represented by branched (3-pronged) 

 spines: berries oblong, scarlet, acid. Europe; but cultivated and naturalized 

 in eastern and middle states. 



B. canadensis, Mill. Shrub 1-3 ft., native to southern mountains, 

 with oval berries and few-flowered racemes. 



B. Thfinbergii, DC. Cultivated, low shrub with small entire leaves and 

 handsome horizontal sprays: flowers solitary or in pairs, on slender pedicels, 

 from leaf-axils: berries bright red, remaining on the twigs into the winter: 

 leaves H-l in. long, also red in fall. Japan. 



2. JEFFERSONIA. TWIN-LEAF. RHEUMATISM ROOT. 



Perennial glabrous herb, from roots of matted, blackish fibers, with 

 ample 2-parted leaves, rising on long petioles from the roots : scape bearing 1 

 terminal large white flower; sepals 4, soon falling; petals usually 8, oblong; 



