RUBIACE^J 427 



small lanceolate leaves, 6-8 in a whorl, about 1 in. long, rough on edges 

 and midrib: peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered; flowers tiny, white or 

 greenish: fruit a dry little bur, covered with hooked prickles, on erect pedi- 

 cels. Low ground or thickety woodland. 



2. MITCH^LLA. PARTRIDGE-BERRY. SQUAW-VINE. 



Trailing, evergreen-leaved herbs: leaves opposite, round-ovate, dark 

 green, smooth and glossy, entire, on short petioles: flowers small, dimorphous, 

 in pairs, on a double ovary (2 ovaries united) from leaf-axils; corolla funnel- 

 form, 4-parted, bearded within, white with pink tips to lobes; stamens and 

 stigmas 4: fruit a double scarlet berry, with 4 seeds or stones. 



M. repens, Linn. A pretty little creeper of woods in the North: flowers 

 fragrant and delicate, in June, the double scarlet berries found all winter^ 



3. HOUSTONIA. BLUETS. 



Low, delicate little herbs, with stems erect, simple or branching: leaves 

 opposite, entire; stipules entire and short, or a mere line connecting bases 

 of the opposite leaves: flowers generally dimorphous in respect to anthers 

 and stigmas, small, solitary or clustered; calyx 4-toothed; corolla tubular, 

 rotate, 4-lobed; stamens 4 on corolla: fruit a short pod, 2-celled, many- 

 seeded, opening at the top, upper part free from calyx. 



H. caerulea, Linn. Perennial, 3-6 in., the stems erect, very slender, in 

 tufts, from slender rootstocks: leaves sessile, oblong or spatulate, M~H m - 

 long, often hairy: flowers blue to white, with yellow centers, solitary on 

 peduncle. Early spring to summer; very floriferous. 



4. CEPHALANTHUS. BUTTON-BUSH. 



Shrubs (or small trees): leaves entire, opposite or verticillate: flowers 

 small and many, white or yellow, in close round heads, on peduncles; calyx 

 4-toothed; corolla tubular, with 4 short lobes; stamens 4 on corolla throat; 

 style long and exserted: fruit small, dry, inversely pyramidal. 



C. occidentalis, Linn. Tall shrub with leaves in 2's or 3's, oval-pointed, 

 petioled, with stipules between: heads of whitish flowers about 1 in. in 

 diameter. Usually along streams and pond banks. 



XLVIII. CAPRIFOLIACE^E. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 



Erect or twining shrubs, or sometimes herbs, with opposite mostly 

 simple leaves: flowers epigynous, 5-merous, regular or irregular, 

 tubular or rotate; stamens usually as many as the lobes of the corolla 

 and inserted on its tube; ovary 2-5-loculed, ripening into a berry, 

 drupe, or capsule. About 15 genera and 200 species. Characteristic plants 

 are honeysuckle, elder, viburnum, snowberry, weigela, twin-flower. 



A. Corolla long-tubular. 



B. Fruit a berry (often 2 together) several-seeded: leaf- 

 margins entire or wavy edged: sometimes connate 1. Lonicera 



