BOTANY. 



masses iu the large vacuole ; these again may produce vacuoles within 

 themselves, and thus give rise to a peculiar and at first sight perplex- 

 ing structure (Fig. 4). 



6. The most remarkable peculiarity of living protoplasm is 

 its physical artirity. When the proper conditions are pres- 

 a living mass of protoplasm is apparently never at rest, 



but, on the contrary, 

 continually altering its 

 shape and changing the 

 position of its constit- 

 uent parts. The move- 

 ments are all of the 

 general nature ; 



same 



each one may be regard- 

 ed as the aggregate re- 

 sult of the chemical and 

 physical changes taking 

 place in the substance 

 of the protoplasm. 



We may study the ac- 

 tivity of protoplasm 

 under two conditions, 

 which will give us the 

 two cases. (1.) The 

 Activity of Naked Pro- 

 Fig. 4.-Forms of the protoplasm contained in toplasm, and (2. ) The 

 cells. A and B, of Indian Com (Zen mai*) ; A, A , . , * T> \ i 

 cells from the first ieal-sh.-ath of a germinatinsr Activity of Protoplasm 

 plant, showing the frothy condition of the proto- endoged j n fl Ce ll- W all. 



plasm, the many vacuoles 



plates. B, cells from the first intcrnodf of the 



rated by thin 



7. The Activity of 



masses, in'each of which there Naked Protoplasm. 

 is a vacuole, b ; these are the so-called " sap-vesi- 



cles." 6', a cell from the tuber of the Jerusalem lllC lOW Organisms 



Artichoke (.lli-limitlm* /"i?w>/*> after the action of , ,. 



iodine and dilute sulphuric acid; h, cell-wall; *, kllOWll as the 

 nucleuB^.contracteaprotopla.m.-After Sachs. 



germinating pi mt ; the protoplasm is broken up 

 into many rounded i 



present the best examples of the activity of naked vegetable 

 protoplasm. In their plasmodia (as the masses of naked proto- 

 plasm are called), many kinds of movements may be observed, 

 the commonest of which is streaming. In plasmodia com- 

 posed of thin (i.e., watery) protoplasm, streams or currents 

 of the latter may be seen running in various directions 



