LIGHENES. 



309 



Speet schneidera, Theloschixtes, Parmelia 

 From Parmelia parietina fine dyes have 



Umbilica- 



cine. Species of Evernia are sometimes used for furnishing yellow 

 dyes. 



Family 2. Parmeliei. 

 (Fig. 202), Physcia, Pyxine. 

 been obtained. 



Family 3. Umbilicariei. 

 ria. 



Family 4. Peltigerei. Sticta (Fig. 

 213), NepJiroma, Pdtigera, Solorina. Stic- 

 ta pulmonacea was formerly used in medi- 

 cine, but it bas fallen into disuse, except- 

 ing with quacks. 



Family 5. Pannariei. ffeppia, Pan- ^ zu.-Collema pulpotwn, 

 naria slightly magnified, showing the 



Family 6. Collemei. BpMbe, Lich- *P the - A - Sachs - 

 ina, Synalissa, Ompkalaria, Col'ema (Fig. 214), Leptogium, Hydro- 

 thyria. 



Family 7. Lecanorei. Placudiwm, Lecanora, Rinodina, Pertusa- 

 1-ia (Fig. 215, C), Couotrema, Dirina, Gyalecta, Urceolaria, Thelotrema, 



Oyrostomum. Lecanora tarta- 

 rea furnishes a dye, and L. 

 esculenta, of Asia Minor, sup- 

 plies a valuable food ; it is 

 sometimes " carried up by 

 whirlwinds and deposited after 

 traversing the air for many 

 miles, giving rise to stories of 

 the miraculous descent of food. 

 A few years since, in a time of 

 great scarcity at Erzerouin, a 

 shower of these lichens fell 

 most opportunely, to the great 

 relief of the inhabitants."* 



TRIBE II. LECIDEACEI. 



Apothecia rounded, open, pa- 

 telliform, contained in a proper 

 exciple. 



Family 1. Cladoniei. Ste- 

 *"*> ^ophorus, Cladonia. 

 ifled; C, Pertxxarui Wnlftni, sliditly ma- Ghidonw rangiferiita is tlie 

 hlfled, on a piece of old wood.-Afier Sach,. . . Reindeer moss of tbe Amic 



regions ; it furnishes a valuable food to the reindeer. 



Berkeley : " Introduction to Cryptogainic Botany," p. 383. 



