436 BOTANY. 



A. Monogyncecial fruits, formed by tlie gynoecium of one flower. 



I. Capsulary fruits. Dry, dehiscent, formed from one pistil. 



1. Monocarpellary. 



(a) Opening by one suture e.g , Cnltha FOLLICLE. 



(b) Opening by both sutures eg.,Pm LEGUME. 



2. Bi-polycarpellary e.g., Viola CAPSULE. 



Var. a. Dehiscence circumcissile i\g., Ana- 

 galds Pyxis. 



Var. b. Dehiscence by the falling away of 

 two lateral valves from the two per- 

 sistent parietal placentae e.g., Mus- 

 twd Silique. 



II. Schizocarpic fruits. Dry, breaking up into one-celled inde- 

 hiscent portions. 



1. Monocarpellary, dividing transversely e.g., Des- 



modium LOMENT. 



2. Bi-polycarpellary. 



(a) Dividing into achene-like or nut-like parts 



(nutlet*), no forked carpophore e.g., Lith- 



ospeimum. CARCERULUS. 



(b) Dividing into two achene-like parts (meri- 



ca ps), a forked carpophore between them 



e.g., Uinbelliferae, CREMOCARP. 



III. Achenial fruits. Dry, indehiscent, one celled, one or few 

 seeded, not breaking up. 



1. Pericarp hard and thick e.g., Oak NUT. 



2. Pericarp thin e.g., Sunflower ACHENE. 



Var. a. Pericarp loose and bladder-like e.g., 



(JhenopoHium Utricle. 



Var. b. Pericarp consolidated with the seed 



e.g., Grasses Caryopeis. 



Var. c. Pericarp prolonged into a wing e.g., 



Ash Samara. 



IV. Baccate fruits. Fleshy, indehiecent ; seeds in pulp. 



1. Rind firm and hard e.g. , Pumpkin PEPO. 



2. Rind thin e.g., Goosebeny BERRY. 



V. Drupaceous fruits. Fleshy, indehiscent ; endocarp indurated, 

 usually stony. 



1. One stone, usually one-celled e.g., Cherry DRUPE. 



2. Stones or papery carpels, two or more e.g., 



Apple POME. 



VI. Aggregate fruits. Poly carpel 1 a ry ; carpels always distinct. 

 The forme of these are not well distinguished. In many Ranuncu- 



