CAMPANALES. 



511 



FIGS. 440-41. ILLUSTRATIONS OF VACCINIUM MTR- 

 TILLUS. 



Monotropa unifiora, Indian Pipe, is common throughout nearly all 

 North America. It appears to be saprophytic. 



Barcodes sanguinea is the interesting Snow Plant, which in the 

 Sierra Nevada Mountains of California shoots up its flesh-red stem 

 and flowers in early spring, soon after the snow melts. 



Sub-Oi'der Vacciniece. Shrubby plants, mostly of the North- 

 ern Hemisphere. Species, 320. The thick adherent calyx-tube of the 

 flower often becomes fleshy and edilile in fruit. (Figs. 440-41.) 



Oaylussacia >esinosa, a low shrub of the Eastern United States, pro- 

 duces the Black Huckleberries of the markets. 



Vaccinium Pennsyhanicum, the Early Blueberry, or Blue Huckle- 

 berry, and V. vacillans, the Low or Late Blueberry, are common in the 

 Northeastern United States. 



V. corymbosum, the Swamp Blueberry, is also common in the Eastern 

 United States. Be- 

 sides these, other spe- 

 cies furnish edible 

 fruits which are some- 

 times found in the mar- 

 kets. V. MyrtiUus oc- 

 curs with us only in the 

 Rocky and Sierra Ne- 

 vada Mountains. 



V. Oxycoccus, the 

 Small Cranberry of the 

 Northeastern United 

 States, and the much 

 larger var. macrocar- 

 pon, or Large Cran- 

 berry, which extends 

 much further south, 



are valuable for their acid fruits. The variety is extensively culti- 

 vated from Massachusetts to Wisconsin. 



587. Cohort XIX. Campanales. Plants with flowers 

 mostly zygomorphic ; ovary inferior, two- to six-celled (rarely 

 one-celled) ; ovules usually many in each cell. 



Order Campanulacege. Herbs, rarely shrubs, usually with alter- 

 nate leaves and a milky juice; ovary two- to many-celled. The 1000 

 species which compose this order were until recently divided between 

 the two orders Lobeliaceae and Campanulacea), which are here merged 

 into one. The order as now constituted is represented in all regions, 

 but most abundantly in temperate ones. All possess more or less 

 acridity, which in some cases becomes a dangerous poison. 



Lobelia inflata and L. xyphilitica of the Eastern United States have 

 been used in medicine ; now principally used by quacks, 



FIG. 441. 



Fig. 440.- Flower. Magnified. 



Fig. 441. -Section ol flower. Magnified. 



