512 BOTANY. 



L. cardinal!*, the Cardinal Flower, of the Eastern United States 

 and several foreign species, are showy plants in the flower-garden. 



Campanula medium, Canterbury Bells, and other European species 

 are in common cultivation. 



Order Goodeniaceae. Mostly Australian, herbaceous plants, num- 

 bering about 200 species, of but little economic value. 



Order Stylidiaceee. Curious herbs, about 100 in number, mostly 

 Australian. Species of Stylidium are grown in const- rvatories. 



588. Cohort XX. Asterales. Plants with actinomorphic 

 or zygomorphic flowers ; stamens inserted on the corolla and 

 isomerous with its lobes ; ovary inferior, one-celled, one- 

 ovuled (rarely two- to three-celled). Calyx limb often greatly 

 reduced, forming a pappus, sometimes wanting. 



Order Composites. The Sunflower Family. Herbs, shrubs, or 

 rarely trees ; anthers united to each other ; ovary, one-celled, contain- 

 ing a single erect seed destitute of endosperm. In this immense 

 family of fully 10,000 species, distributed throughout all parts of the 

 world, the small flowers are gathered into compact heads, which them- 

 selves often resemble single flowers. Many of the species are of great 

 beauty, and are greatly admired as ornaments, but it is curious to 

 observe, that despite the great size of the order, there are but few 

 plants which are otherwise of any considerable use to man. Many are 

 troublesome weeds. 



In Bentham and Hooker's " Genera Plantarum," the 766 genera are 

 arranged under thirteen tribes, as given below. 



Tribe 1. Cichoriacece. Flowers all ligulate ; juice milky. 



Cichorium Inlybus, Chicory, of Europe, is much cultivated in France 

 and Germany. Its r.ots are used to adulterate coffee. C. Endivia, of 

 India, is the Endive, cultivated in gardens as a salad plant. 



Lactuca satira, the Garden Lettuce, is probably a native of Asia. 

 The dried juice of L. virosa, of Europe, constitutes the narcotic drug 

 Lactuca riuin. 



Taraxacum Dens-leonis, the Common Dandelion, is used somewhat 

 in medicine. (Figs. 442-5.) 



Tragopogon porrifolius, Salsify, of Europe, is cultivated for its 

 edible root. 



Tribe 2. Mwtisiacea'. Flowers usually bifid, i.e., two-lipped. 

 We have but one representative, CkoftaKa tomentosa, in Southeastern 

 United States. They abound in tropical America. 



Tribe 3. Cynaroidece. Flowers all tubular. 

 Cynara Scolymus, a native of the Mediterranean basin, is the Arti- 

 choke, gro\vn for the thick scales of its flower heads, which are edible. 

 Carthamus tinctoria, a Chinese annual, is grown in gardens for its 



