ASTER ALES. 



515 



valuable for fattening poultry, and the dried stems are good for fuel, 

 hi Russia a valuable oil is obtained from the seeds. 



//. tuberosus, the so-called Jerusalem or Brazilian Artichoke, is 

 much growu for its potato-like tubers, which are fed to cattle and swine. 

 It is probably derived from H. doronicoides, of the Mississippi Valley, 

 by long cultivation. The name "Jerusalem " Artichoke is a corruption 

 of the Italian "Girasoki i.e., sunflower. 



Among the weeds are the Ragweeds (Ambrosia), Cockleburs (Xan- 

 thium), Spanish Needles (Bidens). 



Silphium laciniatum is the Compass Plant of the Mississippi Valley. 



PIGS. 446-50. ILLUSTRATIONS OF EUPATORIUK. 



PIG. 447. FIG. 448. 



Fig. 446. Head of flowers. 

 Fig. 448. -Flower. Magnified. 

 Fig. 450. Pistil. Magnified. 



FIG. 449. 



FIG. 450. 



Fig. 447. Diagram of flower. 



Fig. 449. Section of flower. Magnified. 



Its large erect pinnately lobed leaves twist upon their petioles so as to 

 present one surface of the blade to the east and the other to the west, 

 the two edges being upon the meridian. (Fig. 134, p. 157.) 



Tribe 1O. Imiloidfce.He&As mostly with disk and ray flowers. 



Helipterum Manglem, of Australia, is one of the " Everlasting flow- 

 ers," cultivated under the namo of Rhodanthe, and used for winter 

 bouquets. 



