516 BOTANY. 



Hdichrysum, sp., is also cultivated for tlie same purpose. 



Inula Heleitium, Elecampane, of Europe, is cultivated in gardens for 

 its medicinal root. 



Tribe 11. Asteroidece.Re&ds mostly with disk and ray flowers. 



Aside from our native species of As'.er and Solidago (Golden Rods), 

 which are ornamental, Belli* per ennte, the English Daisy, and Callis 

 tephus Chinensin, the China Aster, are common in flower-gardens. 



Grindelia robusta and other species are important as furnishing in 

 the alcoholic infusion of their leaves a cure for the poisoning by Poison 

 Ivy. 



Olearia argophylla, the Musk Tree of Tasmania, attains a height of 

 six metres (20 ft.) and a diameter of thirty cm. (1 ft.). Its wood is hard, 

 and is used in turnery and in the manufacture of agricultural imple- 

 ments. 



0. furfuracea and several other New Zealand species are equally 

 valuable. 



Tribe 12. Eupatoriacece. Flowers all tubular. (Figs. 446-50 ) 



Species of Eupatorium are used as domestic medicines. Several of 

 the species are ornamental. 



Mikania scandens, a native climber, is cultivated for ornament. 



The native species of Liatris, Blazing Star, are also quite orna- 

 mental. 



Tribe 13. Vernoniacece. Flowers all tubular. 



The species of Vernonia, known by the name of Iron-weed, are com- 

 mon weeds on low grounds. 



Order Calyceraceee. A few South American herbs resembling 

 Compositse, but with the ovule pendulous. 



Order Dipsacese. Herbs, with distinct anthers and pendulous 

 seeds, which contain endosperm. Species one hundred and twenty, 

 mostly of the North Temperate Zone. 



Dipsaeus Futtonum, Fuller's Teasel, of Europe, is jrrown for its hard- 

 bracted ripe heads, which are used by fullers in dressing woolen cloth. 



Scabiosa contains many ornamental species. 



Order Valerianaceee. Herbs, with distinct anthers, and three- 

 celled, but (by absorption) one-seeded ovary ; seed without endosperm. 

 Species about three hundred, mostly of the North Temperate Zone. 



Valeriana officinnlis, of Europe, has a thickish root, which, in the 

 dried state, is the officinal Viilerian. 



589. Cohort XXI. Rubiales. Plants with actinomorph- 

 ic or zygomorphic flowers ; stamens inserted on the corollii 

 and isomerous with its lobes ; ovary inferior, two- to many- 

 celled, each cell with one to many ovules. Calyx never 

 pappose. 



Order Rubiaceee. Herbs, shrubs, and trees ; flowers generally rejr. 





