SCIENCE PRIMERS. 



6 1. The arrangement of vascular bundles above de- 

 scribed is characteristic of Monocotyledons (Par. 39). 



IX. BUDS AND BRANCHES. 



62. Buds are formed in autumn, either at the ends 

 of stems and branches, or at the angle where the leaf 

 or leaf-stalk meets the stem, and remain dormant till 

 spring. They have wood, pith and bark continuous 

 with those of the stem, with which their union is 

 hence complete. They are usually protected from 

 cold and wet by scales that are often covered with 

 gum or with hairs. 



'Fie. 20. Leaf-buds and vertical section of ditto. 



Some plants increase only by terminal buds (willow, 

 elm); others by both terminal and axillary buds (horse- 

 chestnut, ash, and most trees). 



63. Buds become leafy branches by the develop- 



