XXL] BOTANY. 83 



B. Simple fruits formed by the pistil of one flower, 

 (a) Indehis cent fruits of one carpel. 



(i.) Plum, Cherry. Fruit (a drupe) superior; 

 pericarp of an outer very fleshy, and inner stony coat. 

 Seed solitary, without albumen. 



(2.) Wheat. (Fig. 12) Fruit (an achene) superior; 

 pericarp very thin, adhering so closely to the solitary 

 seed that it cannot be separated. Seed albuminous. 

 In oats and barley the fruit is of the same struc- 

 ture, but inclosed in the hardened bracts (chaff). 



(3.) Nettle (Fig. 60). Fruit (an achene) minute, 

 superior, flattened, dry, thin. Seed solitary, without 

 albumen. 



FIG. 60. a, section of fruit of nettle much enlarged ; b, section of sead of 

 the same, showing the embryo, still more enlarged. 



(4.) Barberry. Fruit (a berry) superior ; pericarp 

 fleshy. Seeds i or 2, basal, albuminous. 



Thistle (Fig. 42). Fruit (an achene) crowned with 

 a calyx formed of a tuft of silky hairs (pappus). Seed 

 i, basal, erect, without albumen. In the dandelion 

 (Fig. 41) the top of the fruit is drawn out into a long 

 beak and crowned with a similar pappus. In the 

 daisy the top of the fruit is obtuse and there is no 

 pappus. 



