xxi.] BOTANY. 87 



without albumen. {This, the quince, pear, &c., are 

 called pomes.) 



FIG. 66. Fruit of apple cut across. 



Gooseberry, Currant. Fruit (a berry) inferior, 

 of 2 fleshy carpels, T -celled, with two placentas, and 

 several seeds immersed in pulp. Seeds albuminous. 



Carrot, Parsnip. Fruit inferior, of 2 combined 

 dry carpels (achenes) that finally separate, each i- 

 seeded. Seed albuminous. 



Acorn. Fruit (a nut) inferior, of 3 combined 

 carpels, contained in a cup-shaped involucre (Par. 

 79); of these carpels one alone ripens, the others may 

 be found as minute cavities at the top of the nut. 

 Seed solitary, without albumen. In the beech, 

 the fruit is of the same structure, but three fruits 

 are together included in a woody, 4-valved in- 

 volucre, and each nut is 3-angled. The sweet chestnut 

 has the same structure as the beech. (The horse- 

 chestnut is altogether different, see below.) In the 

 hazlenut also the fruit is of the same structure, 

 but the pericarp is stony and the involucre green and 

 leathery. 



(e) Dehiscent fruits of several combined carpels. 



Horse-Chestnut. Fruit superior, of 3 carpels, 

 combined into a globose, leathery, prickly, 3-celled 



