INTRODUCTION 



AS will at once be evident, a study of the brands used by camel- 

 JL\. owners is very confusing owing to the innumerable varieties and 

 exceptions that occur to almost any rule that may be formulated. 



Practice alone can enable one to determine the tribe to which a 

 camel belongs by looking at its brands, and one will probably make 

 many mistakes however much practice one may have had. This is 

 especially so if one only sees one or two camels at a time, since it is 

 hard to tell which of the brands on it may mark its tribe or section, and 

 which be merely added by the owner to distinguish it from the animals 

 of another subsection. If one sees a whole herd of camels it is evident 

 that the brand (or brands) which are common to them all is the 

 important one and marks the tribe or section. Brands that are merely 

 caused by firing a sick camel on the part affected will cause little 

 confusion except at the first. In spite of these difficulties and reser- 

 vations, it may practically be taken for granted that 



1. No camel branded on the left belongs to the KABABfsn (excepting 

 the BERARA section). 



2. That wherever the KIL^ID UM HAGGAN are seen, that brand 

 was made by the HowAwfR. 



3. That a long broad SAMI' with a long broad KILADA, both on the 

 left, were made by the KAWAHLA (DAR H^MID) or the MEGANfN 

 (A. FADALA). 



4. That the KABAsfsH (NURAB) alone use the BA'AG and two 

 DHIRA'AT. 



5. That a camel marked with one, two, or three KERABfc (sing. 

 KuRBAc) probably belongs to. the SHENABLA. 



6. That only the ' AxAwf A section of the KABAsfsH use the SHA'IBA 

 on the right fore. 



7. That only the GAWAMA'A use the RUAYKIB on the cheek. 



