MEMOlltS OF TIIK NATIONAL ACADEMY OK SCIKNVKS. 



149 



in a supine position was buried close to the wall; the lower limbs, elevated at right angles to the 

 trunk, were placed in a niche in the wall which was then filled up with mud. 



A inong those buried under the floors, many were children, and these were found always buried 

 near the kitchen hearths. This is a custom which is found to have prevailed in other parts of the 

 world and is variously accounted for. Mr. Cushing s explanation derived from Zuiii folklore and 

 belief is this: &quot;The matriarchal grandmother or matron of the household deities is the fire. It is 

 considered the guardian as it is also, being used for cooking, the principal source of life of the 

 family. The little children, being considered unable to care for themselves, were, placed, literally, 

 under the protection of the family fire that their soul-life might be nourished, sustained, and 

 increased.&quot; 



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Flo. 4. Pyral cemetery, unearthed. 



Within both the underground and wall sepnlchers were found deposited various household 

 utensils, articles of personal adornment and others of a sacerdotal character. In the mural burials 

 of the temples the articles of sacerdotal use were particularly numerous and elaborate. This is 

 one of the many reasons Mr. Gushing has for believing that those buried without cremation were 

 of a sacerdotal and higher class of the community, while those who were crema! ed \vero of a lower 

 class, and laymen. The pottery buried with the adults in the graves, was left whole and not 

 broken or &quot; killed&quot; in the manner to be described when speaking of burials after cremation; that 

 buried in graves with children was, however usually &quot;killed&quot; or broken. The sacred parapher- 

 nalia referred to were so similar to those used in Zufd to-day that Mr. Gushing &quot;was often able, 

 through the knowledge of the, /Aim priesthoods to identify the medicine or priestly rank of the 

 silent occupant of a sepulcher.&quot; 



The great majority of the dead were cremated. Each communal dwelling had in close prox 

 imity to it, its own pyral mound and, situated at the base of the latter, a collection of earthen 

 vessels containing the remains of the dead a pyral cemetery (Fig. 4). The mounds consisted of 

 ashes, cinders, and fragments of charred and broken mortuary sacrifices; they were from 00 to 

 100 feet in diameter, from .&quot;&amp;gt; to . feet high and showed evidence of having had from :_ to (i locations 

 for pyres in each. That each pyral mound was appropriate to its neighboring communal house 



