MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 233 



While this series is too small to enable us to institute a perfectly satisfactory comparison 

 between it and others, we. have nevertheless obtained data sufficient to allow us to conclude fiat, 

 with regard to this class of anomalies, the Cibolans are in close relation to the Saladoans and the 

 Peruvians, and widely separated from other American races and from the rest of the world. 



43. NASAL CHARACTERS. NASAL INDEX. CIBOLA. 



The average nasal index is nearly the same in both the Saladoan and the Cibolan series; that 

 of the former being 51.6t&amp;gt;, and that of the latter 51.88 (Table LXXXIV). The remarks, therefore, 

 which apply to the, one apply as well to the other. In respect to the maximum and minimum of 

 this index, also, the two series correspond closely. The maxima are: For the Saladoau 61.11; 

 for the Cibolan 60.46. The minima are: For the former 44.L 3; for the latter 45.09. 



The character of the lower border of the nasal aperture or echancrure of the Cibolans seems 

 from such evidence as we possess to be inferior only to that of the Europeans and Saladoans. For 

 the two highest classes A+ A (see Table LXXXIX) their percentage is 38.23. The lowest class, E, 

 simian gutter, has no representative. Over one-third of the series belong to class B. The relation 

 with regard to this characteristic, which the Cibolans sustain to other races, will be seen by com 

 paring Table LXXXIX with the tables in 24. 



44. TORSION OF THE HUMERUS. CIBOLA. 



The average angle of torsion (154.27) of all the humeri, 48 in number, of this series is higher 

 than that of any race recorded by Broea except the Mexicans (155) and the Europeans. As his 

 Mexican series numbers only 2 it is scarcely worthy of being cited in comparison. Excluding the 

 Mexicans, the Cibolans follow in respect to this feature next after the Saladoans and Europeans in 

 the category of the human race, as far as we have seen the record. They are widely separated 

 from other American races. (See Tables xo and xcr.) 



Like the majority of mankind, and unlike the Saladoans, the Cibolans have the maximum 

 angle of torsion on the left side. Not 1 but 5 angles on the left are higher than the highest angle 

 on the right. The minimum is on the right side and there are 3 angles of the right lower than the 

 lowest of the left. 



The maximum angle of torsion of the Cibolans (178) is higher than the maximum angle of 

 Saladoans and, as far as Broca s tables inform us higher than the maximum of any people except 

 the French. But the average of the highest 3 angles (173) is not so great as the average of the 

 highest 3 Saladoan angles (175). 



The average of all the left humeri, 23 in number, is 159.20, while that of all the right humeri, 

 25 in number, is but 149.40, a difference in favor of the left of nearly 10. This is a higher differ 

 ence than exists in any one of Broca s series, which represents more than two bones, except the 

 Arabians and Kabyles + El Goleah, in which the difference is 10.27. 



The variation is greater on the left than on the right; on the one side it has a range of 35, 

 on the other a range of 20. 



$ 45. THE OLECRANON PERFORATION. CIBOLA. 



The Cibolans present this anomaly in a much less degree than the ancient people of the Salt 

 River Valley, the so-called Mound-Builders, the Guam-lies, and other peoples. The perforations 

 appear in only 19.6 per cent of the humeri of the Cibolans, while the humeri of the Saladoaiis show 

 53.9 per cent. 



The ancient people of the Zufii Valley, no doubt, ground their corn in the same manner as did 

 the ancient inhabitants of the Salt River Valley, and it may very pertinently be asked why the 

 humeri of the former are not so often perforated as those of the latter. Retaining the hypothesis 

 before mentioned that the method of grinding corn was an important factor in producing the 

 olecranon perforation, we account for this difference by supposing that the Cibolans subsisted less 

 on corn, and hence had less occasion to grind it than their more Western congeners. The land 

 around Zufii is not nearly so prolific as that of the Salt River Valley, the climate is colder, and 

 agriculture is far less remunerative. The mountains adjacent to Zuiii, heavily timberad, abound 

 in game, and it is probable that the ancient Cibolans lived more by the chase and less by agricul 

 ture than the ancient Saladoans. 



