33 



After some work with Professor Marchal, we went to Professor Giard's 

 laboratories, and, in the absence of the Professor, were shown round by 

 Dr. Maurice Caullery, and the work on internal parasites and insects was; 

 explained. 



From here we went on to the Sorbonne, and saw the museum and teaching- 

 collections, where the marine specimens are finely prepared by one of the 

 assistants, with his special solutions, and finally placed in 5 to 10 per cent, 

 formalin. 



The next day we went over the experimental plots of the Luxemburg 

 Gardens ; then through the hot-house*, and saw the methods of pruning and 

 spraying fruit-trees that are trained over walls and trellis. Then on to the 

 laboratories of the Vegetable Pathologist (Professor E. Griffin), who also has 

 charge of the Experiment Station at Grenoble. He has very complete 

 laboratories, in front of which is a large garden where experiments are 

 carried out. 



At the School of Practical Medicine we called upon the famous zoologist, 

 Dr. Blanchard, and examined his collection of mosquitoes, internal parasites 

 of animals and man, and fleas. Dr. Emile Brumpt, one of the authorities, 

 on ticks, showed us his collections, and was anxious to obtain live specimens 

 of Fowl Tick (Argus americanu*) from Australia. He has proved that they 

 transmit an organism, Spirulosa, into the blood of their host, which is the 

 cause of the mortality among tick-infested fowls. He has also discovered, 

 that leeches can transmit the organism Trypanosoma into the blood of fishes 

 and frogs, and that though it does not affect the fish, yet frogs from Algeria, 

 into which it had been injected, died within fifteen days. 



At the College of France we met Dr. L. Felix Hennegay, who is one of the 

 greatest authorities on the morphology of insects, and has published some 

 fine works on the anatomy of insects. 



On the 13th of March I left Paris for Madrid, reaching the latter place on 

 the following afternoon, and obtained the services of an interpreter the same 

 evening. Next morning I went down to the Department of Agriculture, and 

 found that the Minister would not be in his office till midday on the coming 

 Wednesday ; so, after making an appointment to meet him, I went round to 

 the laboratories of the Museo di Ciencia Naturales, and met Signors Lauffer 

 and Mercet, in the absence of Dr. Bolivar. They at once opened out all 

 their cabinets, which are fitted, not with wooden drawers, but with stiff 

 cardboard, glass-topped boxes that fit closely into the cabinets. Though there 

 were no special economic specimens, there is a very complete collection of 

 the Spanish insect fauna dealing with all the orders, and also a general 

 collection. Among the economic specimens are several named species of 

 beetles of the genus Lyctus, to which our " rattan furniture " beetle belongs. 

 Among the Coccinellidse I observed a specimen labelled Novius cruentatns 

 Berlese, which appears to be a variety of our very variable species Novius 

 cardinalis. 



On the following morning I met Dr. Bolivar, the Director of the Museum, 

 who explained that the museum collections were not on an economic basis, 

 but now that people were taking an interest in economic entomology they 

 were making an agricultural collection. 



Dr. Bolivar is one of the leading authorities on Orthoptera, grasshoppers 

 and locusts, and has an immense private collection. Two of the common 

 plague locusts of Spain are Stauronotus genel and Arcyptera flavicosta ; the 

 latter is the large red-legged locust. Both of these do considerable damage 

 to the grass and crops. From the Museum I went out to the School of 



