43 



Drs. Wahal and Fulmer have charge of economic entomology, and have 

 cabinet collections of injurious insects. Among the leaf-eating moth larvae 

 they consider Liparis monacha one of the worst upon fruit trees. Two white 

 moths, Euprotis drysasholis and Aparia cretugi, make webs in the apple 

 trees and do considerable damage. The larva of a geometer moth (Cheimatulis 

 hamata) is another apple pest ; a lime ring is used round the tree trunks to 

 keep the caterpillars from ascending the tree. A small weevil (Anthnnomus 

 sulcicollis}, and a second species, A. punclipennis, do a great deal of harm to 

 sugar beet. The larva? of the Gall Fly (Cecidomyia pisavora) live in the eyes 

 of the young pears, and cause them to swell and drop off ; it is a serious pest 

 at times. 



The rabbit is a great favourite in Austria, and at Easter the shops were 

 full of toy rabbits and little chickens full of sweetmeats, while the large 

 Easter eggs were often sold containing a little live rabbit, " little children of 

 the fields." At the St. Marx show there were hundreds of differect varieties 

 of domesticated rabbits and Belgian hares, some of immense size. In all, there 

 were 600 cages of rabbits, and the prize specimens were weighed, measured, 

 and handled like prize poultry. 



I left Vienna on the 12th April, and reached Budapest, the capital of 

 Hungary, the same evening. At the Royal Museum of Hungary I met the 

 Director, Dr. Horvath, who introduced me to his staff, and with them I 

 examined many of the most important groups in the entomological cabinets. 

 This museum is famous for its extensive collection of Hemiptera (plant bugs, 

 tfcc.), and of which Dr. Horvath is a well-known specialist ; and Diptera (flies), 

 of which Professor Kertesz is a leading authority. I made many notes on 

 the groups containing fruit flies, among which are some unique specimens 

 collected by Biro in New Guinea and the Malay Archipelago. He also showed 

 ine the mass of references and cards used by hrin in compiling his great 

 catalogue of the Flies (Catalogue Dipterorium, 1902-8). 



Then I visited the Central Bureau of Ornithology, a branch of the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, in charge of Dr. Otto Hermann. For this work the king- 

 dom of Hungary is divided into nine districts according to their altitude. 

 The migrations of the different species are observed and noted ; the stomachs 

 of great numbers have been dissected, and their food tabulated to show their 

 food habits, and thus their economic value as insectivorous birds is demon- 

 strated. The foresters are all interested in the work, and artificial nests are 

 made and distributed all over the forests and islands in the Danube for their 

 protection. Many interesting pamphlets are issued by this branch, some of 

 which are written in English. 



The Royal Hungarian Agricultural Museum is certainly one of the 

 most complete agricultural museums in the world. "The object and aim of 

 this museum consists of bringing before the eyes of our agriculturists, land- 

 owners, proprietors of forests, horticulturists, and owners of vineyards, in a 

 collective exhibition, such products and articles as may be considered essential 

 and important from an agricultural point of view, and capable of conveying 

 a reliable and practical knowledge to Hungarian as well as foreign industrial 

 men, tradesmen, consumers, merchants, and all those interested in agricultural 

 products." 



This museum was founded in 1896, and in 1900 2,400,000 crowns were 

 given by the Government to build the present museum, which was finished 

 last year. In the wheat-hall there is a collection of samples of wheat from 

 fifty-three different parts of Hungary for ten successive years. These, with 

 the soils in which they grow, have been analysed by the National Chemical 

 Institution, and the results exhibited with the samples. With this there ia 



