TRANSACTIONS 



OF 



THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



OF LONDON. 



I. On the Development of the Skeleton of the Tuatara, Sptyenodon p^actatus ; 

 with EemarJcs on the Egg, on the Hatching, and on the ^Hatched, %oyng.. By 

 G. B. HOWES, LL.D., F.B.S., and H. H. SwimKV^^' ^6.^aY^U''^(^olar, 

 R. Coll. Sci. Lond. (From the Huxley Eesearcfi Laboratory.) 



Eeceived May 21, 1900 ; read May 22, 1900. 

 [With Plates I.-VI. and 18 text-illustrations.] 



CONTENTS. Page 



1. Introduction 1 



2. Material 4 



3. Methods aud Reconstruction ' 7 



4. Observations on the Egg, on Hatching, and on the Hatched Young .... 8 



5. The Axial Skeleton , 10 



**%) 



General, and as to Terminology 10 



Vertebral Column 11 



Ribs and Sternum 27 



" Abdominal Ribs " (Gastralia) 34 



The Skull and Visceral Arches 37 



Cranio-facial Membrane-Bones 51 



6. The Appendicular Skeleton 58 



The Pectoral Girdle 58 



The Pelvic Girdle 58 



The Long Bones 60 



The Carpus and Tarsus, with Phalanges 60 



7. The Dentition 63 



8. Summary and Conclusions 67 



9. List of the more important Memoirs dealing with Sphenodon 71 



10. Explanation of the Plates 75 



1. INTRODUCTION. 



ALL work in "Reptilian Morphology during the last thirty years has increased the 

 interest attaching to the creation in 1867 by Dr. Giinther of the Order Rhyncho- 

 VOL. xvi. PART i. No. 1. February, 1901. B 



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