RETENTION OF URINE. 39 



In the dog some difficulty is experienced from the bone 

 in the penis. The catheter for this animal should be from 

 six to eight inches in length, and from one to two lines in 

 thickness. It is readily introduced through the urethra as 

 higli up as the superior extremity of the bone of the penis. 

 In pushing it beyond this, we experience the opposition of 

 the sphincter urethrse, and it is only by very steady and 

 persistent pressure, without unduly forcing the instrument, 

 that we succeed in passing the catheter in the dog. 



In the ox, and sometimes in the horse, ram, and other 

 animals, the urethra has to be opened in the perinoeum 

 This operation will be described under the head Lithiasis. 



INCONTINENCE OF URINE. ENURESIS. 



This disease consists in a difficulty to retain the urine in 

 the bladder. There are two forms of enuresis : one that is 

 not noticed by veterinary authors in this country, and which 

 consists in the constant passage of urine through the open 

 urachus in young animals; and the second is the constant dis- 

 charge by the natural passage from paralysis of the bladder 

 in cases of ordinary paraplegia, or sometimes in calculous 

 disorders. 



Incontinence of urine from pervious urachus, is always 

 noticed in calves and foals shortly after birth. The animals 

 are not seen to urinate naturally, and the secretion is seen 

 to drop from the navel. The hair in this region is always 

 wet, and excoriations are apt to occur. A couple of silver 

 wire sutures through the opening suffice to close it, or ap- 

 plying a little powdered sulphate of zinc or copper over the 

 part, so as to induce granulation and cicatrization. 



The involuntary discharge of urine through the urethra in 

 cases of paralysis is apt to be complicated with irritability of 

 the bladder. Enuresis is said to occur in pigs after eating 



