60 HYPEKTROPHY. 



pig, and it is not uncommon in this animal, in some parts 

 of Europe, to find one kidney absent, its fibrous capsule alone 

 remaining, distended by a yellow fluid, of strong urinous 

 odour, whereas the opposite organ is much enlarged. There 

 are some interesting specimens of this disease in the Italian 

 museums. 



Hypertrophy is a common disease in cattle. It is met 

 with in the finest and fattest oxen. There is no structural 

 change of importance. The kidneys appear paler and softer 

 than in their healthy state, but their, structure is normal. 

 They attain as much as two or two and a-half times their 

 proper weight, and it would appear that this frequent con- 

 dition of the urinary apparatus is due to stimulating and 

 moist food, which keep up a constant state of diuresis. 



Mr Percivall quotes two cases of hypertrophy of the kid- 

 neys in the horse. He says: 



" Of enormous enlargement, a case is related by Mr Free- 

 man, V.S., Winchester, in the Veterinarian for 1839. The 

 horse was a coach-horse, entire, seventeen hands high, who 

 became, from being light in his carcass, ' as large as a cow/ 

 And when he lay upon his left side, there could be seen and 

 felt a tumour of large size, arising from something pressing 

 against the parietes. There was also much anasarca of the 

 belly and scrotum. The horse covered up to this time. 

 Before his death occurred he staled blood in large quantities, 

 though that might have arisen from instruments improperly 

 used. The right kidney was enlarged to that degree that 

 putting my arms round it, I could only clasp my hands, but 

 could not lift it. The natural texture was lost; it seemed to 

 consist of cheesy matter enveloped in a strong tunic. The 

 other kidney was healthy, though rather larger than natural. 

 The enlarged kidney was supposed to weigh upwards of 



