HYPERTROPHY. 51 



"M. Clipy was called to attend a horse for being off' bis 

 feed, which up to that time had always enjoyed good health. 

 He found his gait difficult, especially of the hind quarters, 

 and that the slightest pressure upon his loins produced great 

 pain, particularly when he was made to bend downwards, 

 which he with all his power resisted. Urinary secretion 

 scanty and bloody. The next day, in raking the horse, the 

 rectum was found hotter than natural, the bladder in a state 

 of semi-plenitude, and thrust, as it were, into the pelvis ; the 

 kidneys of an enormous size ; and at the least touch of them 

 the patient expressed great pain, and struggled to rid himself 

 of the man's arm by violent contractions of the abdominal 

 muscles. In spite of the most active antiphlogistic treat- 

 ment, death ensued in eight days. The kidneys were found 

 enormously enlarged, weighing each from twenty-four to 

 twenty-seven pounds, occupying all the posterior part of the 

 abdomen, and in some measure blocking up the opening into 

 the pelvis, their inferior surface being upon a level with the 

 pubes. Their surrounding cellular tissue was very much in- 

 filtrated, and their internal substance generally reddened." 



Other organic diseases of the kidneys are rare. Fatty 

 degenerations, tubercular deposit, and cancer of the kidney 

 are not common. Far more frequently we have cystic dis- 

 ease in the kidneys, due to echinococci or to obstructions in 

 the uriniferous tubes, accumulations of urine, and thickening 

 of the saccular dilatations thus induced. Melanotic deposits 

 occur in the kidneys, as in other organs, in old grey horses. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS NEPHRITIS. 



This is a comparatively rare disease in the lower animals. 

 When it does occur it is found due to injuries, such as blows 

 and strains, or to the internal administration of poisonous, 



