RENAL CALCULI. 



59 



RENAL CALCULI. 



Renal calculi do not usually give rise to symptoms by 

 which their presence may be diagnosed. Attacks of colic 

 are apt to occur, and sometimes there is tenderness of the 

 loins, discharge of blood, and sabulous matter with the urine. 

 The majority of renal calculi discovered have been found by 

 men engaged in slaughtering horses or in dissecting-rooms. 

 I need scarcely say that, under such circumstances, it is not 

 necessary to consider any method of treatment. 



(b) Ureteral Calculi. Small calculi formed in the kid- 

 neys, pass into the ureters, and then give rise to excruciating 

 relapsing colic. It is owing to a calculus becoming lodged 

 in one of the ureters that we find the accumulation of urine 

 in the pelvis, of kidney, and atrophy of the latter organ, 

 especially in the pig. 



(c) Vesical Calculi. There have been remarkable in- 

 stances of enormous calculi lodged in the bladder, and which 

 have occasioned very slight inconvenience during the lifetime 

 of an animal. Other stones, much smaller in size, have a ten- 

 dency to press backwards against the mouth of the bladder, 

 and induce retention of urine. In these cases animals have 

 an awkward gait; they keep their hind limbs apart, and 

 often try to void urine. The contents of the bladder are 

 sometimes discharged very suddenly from displacement of 



