THE HAIR. 



83 



follicles with their contained hairs, both have been more or 

 less mutilated by the process of section; the second hair 

 from the right being a short one, its bulb is seen : c c . 

 are the sebaceous follicles, also more or less mutilated: a 1 

 a 2 . . . . a 6 are the muscles, which appear, under this very 

 low power, merely as transparent streaks, and require a 

 higher power to make out their tissue. The muscles are 

 seen to arise in all cases from the most superficial part of the 



Fig. 180. 



corium, and to pass down obliquely to their insertions into 

 the hair-follicles immediately below the sebaceous glands. 

 It will be remarked that the muscles are here all on the same 

 side of the respective hair-follicles, viz., on that side towards 

 which the hair slopes: and such I found in the examination 

 of a large number of sections to be always the case. This is 

 an interesting fact, as such an arrangement of the muscles is 

 exactly that which is best adapted for erecting, as well as 

 protruding the hairs, which must be drawn by their contrac- 

 tion nearer to the perpendicular direction. That this erec- 

 tion as well as protrusion of the hairs does occur, I have 

 proved by artificially exciting the state of cutis anserina upon 

 my own arm and leg. Tickling a neighbouring part will 



