CHAPTER XV 



EPIZOOTIC AND ENZOOTIC DISEASES. 



Epizootic diseases. Their definition and enumeration. The steppe disease, 

 or contagious typhoid fever. Its symptoms, nature, and prevention. 

 Epizootic aphtha. Its history on the Continent and in the United King- 

 dom. Its general symptoms. Special symptoms amongst cattle, sheep, 

 and pigs. Its communication to the human subject. Its treatment and 

 prevention. Enzootic diseases. Their definition, and general causes. 

 Anthrax, or carbuncular fevers. General remarks. The occurrence of 

 such fevers in the United Kingdom. Different forms of anthrax. 

 Carbuncular fever, without local complications. Carbuncular fevers, 

 with erysipelatous complications. Form of anthrax, with the develop- 

 ment of boils and carbuncles. Splenic apoplexy. Braxy in sheep. 

 Black-leg. Glossanthrax. Anthrax in the pig. Parturient fever, or 

 dropping after calving. Heaving pains, or 'inflammation' in ewes. 



EPIZOOTIC DISEASES. 



THE difficulties of definition are not easily overcome in 

 stating what we recognise as an epizootic disorder. It is a 

 malady spreading far and wide over a country or countries. 

 But not every malady which attacks a large number of 

 animals in many districts and many counties is termed 

 ' epizootic/ For among such diseases some are due to local 

 influences, which being accidentally repeated in many different 

 places, give rise to the coincidence of simultaneous outbreaks 

 of disease over a wide extent of country. And accordingly 

 we distinguish those widespread plagues which are indepen- 

 dent of local influence from the disorders which can be proved 



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