264 THE STEPPE DISEASE. 



have been given, showing the ulcerated glands of Peyer, 

 ulceration of the membranes of the stomach, and the sloughs 

 found free in the intestine. 



The other organs of the body do not indicate any specific 

 change. There is more or less redness and tumefaction of 

 all the mucous membranes. The heart is soft and flabby, the 

 lungs normal or slightly congested, the liver is of a dark 

 colour, and its ducts and bladder full of bile. The kidneys 

 are red and swollen. Spleen healthy, and nervous centres 

 unchanged. 



The rnesenteric glands are apt to be swollen, and contain a 

 yellowish red exudation, and may attain twice their natural 

 size. 



Nature of the Disease. The post-mortem appearances 

 just described, correspond remarkably with those of typhoid 

 enteric fever of man. I long since noticed this fever, 

 reading carefully the best descriptions published of it, and 

 suggested, that instead of calling it contagious typhus, it 

 should be called contagious typhoid or enteric fever. Some 

 of the older authors regarded the malady as an impaction of 

 the third stomach, and hence called it Lb'serdurre, but the 

 distention of the omasum with solid food is usually seen in 

 all diseases of ruminants, and not always in the cattle plague. 



Different observers have given a very different account of the 

 nature of this disease, as indicated by the many names applied 

 to it, such as Magenseuche, Gallenseuche, Uebergalle, Gross- 

 galle, bosartiges Kuhrfieber, and so on. The disease is cer- 

 tainly not a form of typhus, and, so far as I can learn, the 

 only real difference between it and the enteric fever of man, 

 is its plague form and exclusively contagious character. 

 Fortunately for us, it is not enzootic here, and, like pleuro- 

 pneumonia, epizootic aphtha, and variola, spreads exclusively 

 by contagion. 



