276 ANTHRAX, OK CARBUNCULAR FEVER. 



Anthrax has been regarded as due to malaria. Lessona, 

 Verheyen, Bojanus, Schiitz, Hartmann, &c., have regarded it 

 as essentially dependent on the emanations from swampy 

 soil, and Heusinger says, that to this cause its existence has 

 been attributed in Siberia, Orenburg, in the lands around the 

 Wolga, in Finland, Liefland, Ehstland, Poland, Posen, Saxony, 

 Bavaria, Friesland, Sologne, Brene, Brenne Beauce, Provence 

 Apulia, the West Indies, &c. Although there is much 

 anthrax where ague prevails to a great extent, still it occurs 

 in countries where ague is unknown. 



There is no doubt that the development of anthrax in dif- 

 ferent parts of a country like our own, depends on the 

 geological peculiarities of districts. Heusinger has said that 

 it occurs on the granitic and chalk Alps, on the granite of 

 Lapland and Finland, on the transition chalk of St. Peters- 

 burg, and on all the tertiary strata. 



In Great Britain and Ireland anthrax is the most fatal of 

 all enzootic disorders, spreading widely over the richest pas- 

 tures of fertile valleys, on the old and new red sandstone 

 formations, on the soil over the lias of Somerset and Glouces- 

 ter, on the crag forms of Norfolk and Suffolk, on the compact 

 soil of the Oxford clay in Oxfordshire, Wilts, and the county 

 of Lincoln. In the counties of Edinburgh and Haddingtou 

 we find it particularly prevalent, stretching from Dalkeith to 

 the Lammermoor Hills, indeed, in the south of Scotland 

 along the whole tract of Cambrian and Silurian rocks. The 

 hills of Scotland and the pastures of great fertility interven- 

 ing between them teem with cattle and sheep, amongst which 

 there is a heavy mortality from the different forms of anthrax. 

 The black-quarter of cattle, which is one of the most charac- 

 teristic forms of this disease, prevails to a great extent on 

 the old red sandstone of the counties of Ayr, Stirling, Perth, 

 Forfar, Aberdeen, and Kincardineshire. It is seen often in 



