ANTHRAX, OB CAEBUKCULAE FEVEE. 277 



the same formation in the eastern portions of Banff, Inver- 

 ness, and Caithness. It is common also in Kincardine and 

 Aberdeen, prevailing perhaps as much on the lower Silurian 

 of the latter county as on the same formation in Peebleshire 

 and Berwickshire, and on the igneous rocks of Kenfrew and 

 Kinross. Though I have here mentioned most of the forma- 

 tions in which the various forms of anthrax prevail, I must 

 not omit to speak of its ready development on the clays of 

 Mid-Lothian, Linlithgow, Lanark, and Eenfrew. The soils 

 on the coal measures, where not well drained, are favourable 

 to the development of anthrax in cattle, and although it may 

 seem puzzling to state where carbuncular diseases do not 

 occur, still they will be found rare on the thin soil of the 

 upper chalk, on the sand soils over the green sand, on the 

 millstone grit and magnesian limestone, where the latter for- 

 mations occur, in Durham, Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Stafford- 

 shire, Devon, and elsewhere. In Ireland anthrax prevails in 

 all parts. 



My own experience concerning the causes of anthrax in 

 all its forms in the United Kingdom would lead me to the 

 following conclusions : 



First, That the circumstances favourable to the develop- 

 ment of the disease are to be found where the lands are best, 

 and where the pastures are most luxuriant and nourishing. 

 During hot seasons it prevails principally on ill- drained 

 lands, and in wet seasons on dry, rich, and stiff soils. 



Second, That as a dangerous plethora occurs more readily 

 in animals that are in poor condition, and then put upon rich 

 keep, such a practice favours the development of anthrax. 



Third, Animals are destroyed by anthracoid diseases, 

 when fed on very rich food, the produce of a richly manured 

 soil, and especially when they are kept within narrow limits, 

 so as not to get sufficient exercise, as in folding sheep on 



