ECHINOCOCCUS VETEPJNORUM, T^ENIA ECHINOCOCCUS. 349 



ECHINOCOCCUS VETERINORUM, T^ENIA ECHINOCOCCUS. 



Numerous cases have come under my notice of disease in 

 horned cattle, sheep, and pigs, induced by this parasite. 

 Von Siebold has shown that tsenia echinococcus lives in the 

 dog's intestines, and thousands of thread tapeworms may 

 exist in an animal. 



It has been a much agitated question whether there are 

 several species of echinococchi. The earlier observers believed 

 in two species, ecchinococcus hominus, and ecchinococcus 

 veterinormn. Weinland says : " As to the difference of the 

 two species there can be no longer any doubt, since the in- 

 vestigations of Kiichenmeister and Leuckart/' The latter 

 author, however, says, at page 3 30 of his new work, referring 

 to other authorities on the subject ; " They thought them- 

 selves so much the more justified to make this difference, in- 

 asmuch as the first (E. hominis) are characterised by the 

 presence of secondary and tertiary bladders (tochter und 

 enkelblasen) within them, whereas the others usually present 

 a simple cystic form. But it is known that the multiple 

 form of Echin. hominis occurs also in the domestic animals 

 such as the horse, pig, &c., and vice versa, it is not rare to 

 find in human beings the simple forms of E. veterinorum. 

 Sometimes, moreover, both forms of echinococcus are found 

 in the same individual." Leuckart refers to the simple form 

 of echinococcus hominis in some cases, and to the complicated 

 form, E. veterinorum, in others; and, after reference to the 

 shape and number of hooks, concludes by saying: "Naturally 

 under such circumstances I can no longer participate in 

 Kuchenmeister's views, that there are two species of echino- 

 coccus, and the forms of this parasite indigenous with us 



