AET OF SHOEING. 533 



traced backwards where they are strongly connected to the 

 basilar process, and where much increase of substance is 

 found with more regularity in form ; the lateral cartilages have 

 a depth, and from a clear space above the hoof reach to the 

 bottom of it internally, and ligamentous bands attach to the 

 upper margin, and inner surface, which is concave, whilst the 

 outer is everywhere convex ; the convoluted form of the whole 

 cartilage on either side includes one-half of the elastic 

 fibrous frog; whilst continuing to be reflected backwards, 

 the upper cartilaginous margin terminates by giving origin to 

 the tendinous bands forming the two ridges of the frog, one 

 on either side of the cleft, immediately anterior to which 

 these bands coalesce and form what is found to be the 

 denser part of the frog, and are seen piercing downwards and 

 forward, to be inserted into the plantar fascia and the ante- 

 rior concavity of the coffin bone ; the position is represented 

 externally by the point of the frog. 



We have here traced the cartilages on either side, as they 

 recede from the lateral anterior margin of the coffin bone, 

 attaching to the lower condyles of the coronary bone, pro- 

 tecting the pedal joint, and then continue, the inner frame- 

 work serving instead of bone, which is discontinued, where 

 the axis of bearing is passed ; thus the cartilages, with the 

 hoof, give the form to the foot posteriorly, as the pedal bone 

 fills up the space anteriorly, and by bending round, they be- 

 come connected with the bands of the frog, which are attached 

 to the centre of the pedal bone inferiorly, forming a double 

 bow. We have passed unnoticed the elastic fibrous bands, 

 which, with interlaying fat-cells together, make up the 

 bulk of the frog, and form the bulbs of the heels. The two 

 lateral halves of the frog, posteriorly, form a double elastic 

 cushion, and are slenderly connected in their posterior centre, 

 represented by the cleft, and are also loosely attached by 



