72 HERBACEOUS PLANTS 



spread over the city and now over the Great 

 Western Railway system (Druce). Doronicum ; 

 Petasites Tussilago. The Japanese Coltsfoot, 

 T.japonica, is a fine ornamental plant. 



iv. Anthemideae. From Wormwood, Artemisia absin- 

 thium^ an infusion can be prepared which is a 

 good domestic tonic, and was formerly in favour 

 as an anthelmintic. Chrysanthemum ; Yarrow, 

 Achillea; Camomile, Anthemis; Tansy, Tanacetum. 



v. Helianthoideae. The Sunflowers fill a long 

 curved bed, together with the Rudbeckias, Zinnias, 

 and Coreopsis. The well-known Jerusalem Arti- 

 choke, Helianthus tuberosus, came from N. America. 

 It was introduced into the Farnese Garden at 

 Rome in 1617, whence it was distributed in 

 Europe under the name of Girasole or Sun 

 Flower a name that is commonly corrupted into 

 "Jerusalem." 



vi. Helenioideae. Gaillardia and Tagetes. 



vii. Inuloideae. Elecampane, /. helenium, is one of 



our rarer local plants. It occurs near Eynsham. 

 viii. Cynareae. Thistles. The Carline Thistle is hygro- 

 metric open in drought, closed in rain. Charle- 

 magne used the root of C. acaulis as a remedy for 

 plague in his army. 



A fine Knapweed, Centatirea ragttsina, was brought home 

 from the Mediterranean by Sibthorp about 1790, and was 

 first introduced to horticulture as a bedding-plant by Baxter, 

 who used it extensively in the Oxford Garden. 



ix. Calenduleae. Dimorphotheca. 

 x. Mutisieae. S. American climbers. 



xi. Cichorieae occupy the north-east bed near the 

 Fountain. Relatives both of the Dandelion, Tar- 

 axacum offidnale, and -the Lettuce, Lactuca sativa, 

 will be found here. On the walls of the Garden 

 Hieracium amplexicaule has become naturalised, 



