10 



In the case of groves which should be replaced at once with new 

 trees, employ the clear-cutting system rather than the above plan. 

 However, it is seldom that a plantation, even of the short-lived species, 

 is so far gone that it will not remain in fair condition for 10 to 15 

 years. This method has certain disadvantages over the first, since it 

 is more difficult to cut out the old trees in single rows without dam- 

 aging the newly-planted ones. This is especially true when the origi- 

 nal spacing of the trees is close. 



If the old timber is to be utilized for lumber, difficulty may be ex- 

 perienced in getting a small number of trees sawed at a reasonable 

 price. However, if the woodlot is to be used for fuel or fence posts, 

 the timber can be cut economically for these purposes. 



SPECIES USED IN REPLANTING 



The list of species suitable for planting under this method is almost 

 identical with the one given under the preceding first system. It 

 should be borne in mind, however, that the newly planted trees to the 

 north of the old rows will receive less light than those planted on the 

 south side. As a result, if this shading appears to be excessive, trees 

 which are somewhat tolerant of shade should be selected for this 

 portion of the new shelterbelt. 



It is very often desirable to have a shelterbelt of evergreen and 

 hardwood trees. As a rule, the evergreens give good protection close 

 to the ground and also serve as an effective windbreak throughout 

 the year, while the larger hardwoods break the wind, at a distance 

 from the ground but are not as effective during the winter months. 



Combination No. 1. Rows 1 and 9,white pine; rows 2, 3, 7 and 8, 

 Norway spruce; rows 4, 5 and 6, cottonwood. 



The white pine rows being on the outside, receive an abundance 

 of light at all times for best development. The Norway spruce on the 

 interior will receive sufficient light for good growth, since they are 

 very tolerant of shade. The cottonwoods in rows 4, 5 and 6, although 

 planted last, would reach a height greater than any of the evergreen 

 trees in a few years. 



Combination No. 2. Row 1, Norway spruce; row 9, white pine; 

 rows 2 and 8, white cedar; rows 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, hardy catalpa. 



The white pine trees in row 9 are not only effective as a windbreak, 

 but also make a very beautiful row to face the farm buildings. The 

 Norway spruce used in row 1, branches very close to the ground, has 

 dense foliage, and, consequently, would be very effective in breaking 

 the force of the wind. The white cedar, if closely spaced, makes a 

 dense mass of foliage and is valuable for windbreak purposes. Al- 

 though the hardy catalpa in the inside rows does not make a large 

 tree, it is very desirable for fence posts. It is assumed in this com- 

 bination, that the hardy catalpa rows can be harvested for fence 

 posts in 12 years. Since the catalpa trees in rows 4, 5 and 6 are 

 planted five years later than those in rows 3 and 7, the branches of 

 the older trees should be trimmed back if there is danger of the later- 

 planting being shaded too severely. The catalpa is very intolerant 

 of shade and will not thrive if overtopped by adjoining trees. 



Combination No. 3. Row 1, white pine; row 9, white cedar; rows 

 2, 3, 7 and 8, Norway spruce; rows 4, 5, and 6, white pine. 



The white pine in the interior rows, although planted last, is suf- 

 ficiently rapid in growth to prevent its being o'vertopped by the 



