Illustrations. 



PAGE. 



1'iu. 1. Elms 30 years old 5 



Fi-. 2. Too much shade 9 



Plate I. Shade trees good and bad 11 



Fig. 3. Residence street insufficiently shaded 12 



Fig. 4. Street newly planted 15 



Fig. 5. Diagram How trees should be placed 10 



Fig. 6. Young tree as received from the nursery 18 



Fig. 7. Same with top and roots pruned 18 



Fig. 8. Diagram How to plant a street tree 20 



Plate II. Types of tree guards and gratings 23 



Fig. 9. Exposed roots tolerable 26 



Fig. 10. A tree choked by a guy wire 27 



Fig. 11. Guard a tree thus if it must anchor a guy 27 



Fig. 12. Trees guarded while building goes on 28 



Fig. 13. How lack of system gives a poor effect 31 



Fig. 14. Trees on curb and inside footway contrasted 33 



Fig. 15. Old trees on a new grade and with cabled wires through 



their crowns 34 



Fig. 16. Abrasion moulding 36 



Fig. 17. Dense crowned Norway maple 37 



Fig. IS. Norway maple after an interior pruning 37 



Fig. 19. Butchered maples 40 



Fig. 20. Diagram How to doctor a tree 42 



Fig. 21. Cavities from untreated wounds 44 



Fig. 22. Pruning wounds completely healed 44 



Plate III. Tree wounds filled and unfilled 47 



Fig. 23. Trees saved by mounding and raising curb 50 



Fig. 24. A tree "well" 51 



Fig. 25. Street grade raised without injuring trees 51 



Fig. 26. Trees in gutter and on sidewalk 54 



Fig. 27. A well shaded lawn made from native forest near the sea, 55 



Fig. 28. Street lines accommodated to shade trees 58 



Fig. 29. Elm standing in roadway 60 



Fig. 30. Trees left above grade 62 



Plate IV. Insects injurious to shade trees 70 



Plate V. Insects injurious to shade trees 71 



Fig. 31. The maple pseudococcus 77 



Fig. 32. The San Jose scale 79 



Fig. 33. A soft scale 81 



Fig. 34. The maple-tree sesiid 82 



Fig. 35. Work of the hickory bark beetle 85 



Fig. 36. Chestnut leaf spot 95 



Fig. 37. Chestnut tree nearly dead of blight 100 



Fig. 38. Section of chestnut killed by blight 101 



Fig. 39. White pine blister rust 104 



Fig.. 40. Fomes igniarius 108 



Fig. 41. Polyporus sulfureus 110 



Fig. 42. Polystictus versicolor 113 



Fig. 43. Armillaria mellea 115 



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