STREET TBEES. 39 



WIIKN A YOUNG TREE is FULLY ESTABLISHED. 



1. Select the primary frame according to the growth habit 

 nf the species in hand. 



-. Select several secondary branches which pruning 

 either do, or can be made to, conform with the for form * 

 primary frame in harmonizing the shape of the tree. 



'!. Remove any of the larger branches which do not con- 

 form to the general character framework. 



4. If the primary frame is vigorous enough to maintain its 

 domination over the secondary development, simply remove 

 the smaller interior interfering branches. 



.">. Curtail any of the main branches which threaten to as- 

 sume undue proportions by removing a part of their terminal 

 growth. 



WHEN A TREE is WELL DEVELOPED, BUT UNPRUNED. 



Most trees of this class will carry a considerable burden of 

 dead wood in their interiors, and a large amount of half sup- 

 pressed and vigor-lacking growth throughout the mass of 

 branches. There is usually considerable irregularity in the 

 form of the tree due to the greater vigor in some branches 

 than in others. (See Fig. IT.) 



1. Remove all dead wood. pruning 



2. Select from the most vigorous branches the 

 character framework as outlined above. 



3. Remove all branches large or small which do not fit in 

 with the scheme of form development decided upon. 



4. If the primary frame does not distinctly dominate, 

 curtail the secondary development by clipping the terminals. 



5. If necessary to cut back any large branch by a con- 

 siderable amount without entirely removing it, leave a vig- 

 orous small branch near the point where the cut is made to 

 act as a "sap lifter' 1 and thus insure the life of the branch 

 which has been shortened. 



6. Establish an individuality in each branch by removing 

 from it such parts as would bring it in contact with its neigh- 

 bors, or which grow contrary to the characteristic habit of the 

 species. 



7. Remove internal decay as indicated under "Treatment 

 of Cavities," page 45. 



