74 SHADE TKEES. 



Remedial Measures. 



On small trees the borers can be often found and cut out 

 or destroyed with a soft wire run into their burrow, which 

 opens outwardly, or bisulphide of carbon may be injected. 

 (See page 83.) On larger trees gather and burn all the 

 twigs and branches that fall to the ground or are blown 

 down in high winds. Where dying branches are noticed, 

 KUI one by cut t' nem ^ below the point of apparent injury 

 one * and burn the cuttings. Inject bisulphide of 



carbon into all holes from which strings of sawdust are ob- 

 served exuding, and plug up the opening with putty. When 

 the moths are observed around the electric or other lights 

 kill every one that comes within reach. Discourage spar- 

 rows and favor all other birds that come into town. 



OYSTER-SHELL BARK-LOUSE. 

 Plate IV., Figs. 2, 2a, 2b. 



This is the most common of the armored scales attacking 

 shade trees, and derives its name from the resemblance to 

 one of the very elongate type of oysters. It winters in the 

 egg stage under the scale, and in May or June the eggs hatch 

 into minute yellow crawling atoms that, in 24 hours, set and 

 begin to form small scales. These suck the juices of the 



twigs and increase in size until midsummer or 

 many trees a little later. Then the males mature as small, 



two- winged flies, and the females, after im- 

 pregnation, lay their yellowish white eggs which fill the space 

 beneath the scale as the mother gradually shrivels up. South 

 of the red shale line the tendency is to a second brood of these 

 scales and in the sandy pine region the second brood is well 

 denned. North of the red shale there is only one brood. 

 Maples in South Jersey are often very seriously injured. 



