80 SHADE TREES. 



Remedial Measures. 



As this insect bears its young alive, the period of reproduc- 

 tion is spread over a considerable period, and no one applica- 

 tion can reach all, or even a large percentage, of the Iarva3 in 

 the naked condition. In consequence, winter 



SPRAY. . 7 



applications that are either very caustic or very 

 penetrating are resorted to. The caustics are the lime and 

 sulphur washes or whale-oil soap, the latter at the rate of two 

 pounds in one gallon of water. The penetrating materials 

 are petroleum oils, either undiluted or made miscible, or 

 "soluble," in water. The latter are used at the rate of 1 part 

 in 15 parts of water and the application must be very thor- 

 ough to be satisfactorily effective. This is perhaps the most 

 dangerous of all the scales and the hardest to control in the 

 orchards. Fortunately none of our usual city trees seem to 

 its liking, nor does it occur in our forests, although it is able 

 to maintain itself on a number of our forest trees. 



THE TULIP SOFT SCALE. 



This is a very large, livid gray scale, nearly l/i of an inch 

 in length, almost as wide and very convex. It occurs only 

 on the tulip tree but sometimes infests that in great num- 

 bers and does more or less mischief, especially on young 

 Attacks trees. It winters in the young stages on the 



only. twigs, often underneath old scales, begins 



growth in May and reaches maturity in August when the 

 female is very offensive in odor and filled with a rank pur- 

 plish material. In early September the small black young 

 are born in great numbers and may set on the twigs so 

 densely as to completely obscure the natural color of the bark. 



