INSECTS INJURIOUS TO SHADE TREES. 87 



Scales sometimes infest the needles ; but on large trees are 

 never harmful in my experience. On small 

 Tn-cs watch for the hatching of the eggs in r*reiy 

 June and use the whale-oil soap, 1 pound in 6 

 gallons, liberally. 



White pines are sometimes deformed by the attacks of the 

 white-pine weevil which lays its eggs in the leaders, the larvae 

 boring into and killing them. It is the young trees that are 

 usually affected and in most instances the form W hite-iine 

 of the tree is permanently spoilt. Fortunately w evil - 

 the insect is not at all common in !N"ew Jersey, and young 

 trees if kept under observation may be protected by collect- 

 ing the adults or, what is more practical, keeping the leaders 

 sprayed during May and June with whale-oil soap suds one 

 pound in six gallons of water, adding half a pound of arse- 

 nate of lead to this mixture. 



If the leaders are at any time observed to be lacking in 

 vigor or to be unnaturally yellow in color, they should be 

 carefully examined, and if any signs of feeding are noticed 

 every puncture should be followed with a soft wire to reach 

 the feeding larva?. If this is clone in time the shoot will 

 recover. If the feeding is already well advanced so that re- 

 covery seems doubtful cut and destroy by fire. 



GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 



Shade trees in general should be kept free from dead or 

 dying wood, and all cut wood should be destroyed by fire. It 

 is always in order to clean the bark during the winter by 

 means of soda or lye washes which get rid of the growth in 

 or under which many insects hibernate. A 

 strong soap solution, even of ordinary laundry 

 soap, will often do a great deal of good, and it 

 can be used to advantage on the waxy plant lice or mealy 

 scale bugs during the winter. 



When there is an application of an arsenical spray to be 

 made, the sooner it is done the better the effect ; young or 



