48 FOREST CULTURE AND 
mals, native or introduced birds, young fish, ete.; 
why could not a strong and widely-spreading league 
be organized for the saving of the native forests ? 
Might not every child in a school plant a memorial 
tree, to be intrusted to its care, to awaken thus an 
interest in objects of this kind at an early age ? 
Reverting to the importance of shelter, let me 
remark that fifty years ago the Peach flourished in 
North Pennsylvania, in Ohio and New York, where 
it cannot any longer now be grown, in consequence 
of the now colder and far more changeable climate, 
after the forests became extensively removed. Even 
ordinary orchards and cereal fields suffer there now. 
Yet, poor land will yield a better return in wood than 
in corn crops, and it is not too much to say that the 
favorable effect of a young forest on climate may be 
felt already, after a dozen years. Even on ordinary 
sheep-runs, trees are of the greatest importance, both 
for shelter and shade. 
Having endeavored to explain forest value as it pre- - 
sents itself in its primary aspects— namely, in refer- 
ence to its importance to Nature’s great economy, and 
in reference to its timber resources, as viewed in the 
abstract —I now proceed to enter on a new field of 
consideration, which, though secondary in impor- 
tance, is well deserving of our calm attention; and 
this all the more since this field of industrial enter- 
prise remained yet almost bare or unharvested, where- 
as any utilization of this new ground must have, to 
inquiring minds, more than ordinary charm. 
I therefore now proceed to explain some of the 
technologie features of woodlands. 
A leading industry in all forests is the production 
