186 FOREST CULTURE AND 
cian, the manufacturer, or the artisan. The bark of 
Alstonia constricta, like that of allied Indian species, 
is ascertained to be febrifugal, so that of Chionanthus 
axillaris, and Brucea Sumatrana. Caoutchouc might 
be produced from various trees, especially the tall 
kinds of Ficus. The lustre and tint of the polished 
woods of others is unrivaled. Edible fruits are yield- 
ed by Achras Australis, Achras Pohlmaniana, Mimu- 
sops kauki, Zizyphus jujuba, Citrus Australis, Citrus 
Planchonii, Eugenia Myrtifolia, Eugenia tierneyana, 
Parinarium nonda, the Candlenut-tree (Aleurites tri- 
loba), and the cluster Fig-tree (Ficus vesca, which 
produces its bunches from the stem) ; also by species 
of Owenia and Spondias, and by several brambles 
and vines. Starchy aliment or edible tubers are fur- 
nished by Tacca pinnatifida, by several Cissi (C. opaca, 
C. clematidea, acrid when unprepared), Marsdeni vir- 
idiflora, Colocasia antiquorum, Alocasia macrorrhiza, 
by a colossal Cycas, some Zamie, and several kinds of 
Yam (Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea punctata, and 
other species). Backhousia citriodora and Myrtus 
fragrantissima yield a cosmetic oil; so, also, Euca- 
lyptus citriodora, a tree not confined to the jungle, 
and two kinds of Ocimum. Semecarpus anacardium, 
the marking Nut-tree, is a native of the most north- 
ern brush-country. The medicinal Mallotus Philip- 
pinensis, and the poisonous Excecaria Agallocha are 
more frequent. Baloghia lucida furnishes a red dye 
never to be obliterated. 
Many of the trees of the coast-forests of East Aus- 
tralia range from the extreme north to the remotest 
south, among them the Palm-panax ; others, like 
Araucaria Cunninghami, extend only to the northern 
