EUCALYPTUS TREES. 223 
Betula papyracea, Ait.—The Paper Birch of North 
America. A larger tree than B. alba, with a fine- 
grained wood, and atough bark ; much used for port- 
able canoes. It likes a cold situation. 
Betula lenta, Willd.—The Cherry Birch of North 
America. A tree of middle size, liking moist ground, 
Bark, aromatic. Wood, rose-colored or dark, fine- 
grained, excellent for furniture. Several birches oc- 
cur in Japan, which might well be tried here, 
Carpinus Betulus, L.—The Hornbeam. A tree of 
eighty feet high. Middleand South Europe. Wood, 
pale, of a horny toughness and hardness, close-grain- 
ed, but not elastic. This tree would serve to arrest 
the progress of bush-fires, if planted in copses or hedg- 
es, like willows and poplars, around forest planta- 
tions. A smaller species, Carpinus Americana, Mich., 
yields the iron-wood of South America; four species 
occur in Japan: (C. cordata, C. erosa, C. laxiflora, C, 
Japonica, Blume). Carpinus viminea (Wallich), is a 
species with durable wood, from the middle neeions 
of Nepal. 
Carya alba, Nuttall.—The Shellbark Hickory. A 
deciduous tree, ninety feet high, which delights in 
rich forest soil; a native of North America. Wood, 
strong, elastic, and tenacious, but not very durable. 
Yields the main supply of hickory nuts, All the 
hickories are extensively used in North America for 
hoops. 
Carya amara, Nuttall. —The Bitternut-tree or 
Swamp Hickory. A tree, eighty feet high, in 
swampy grounds of North America. Wood less valu~ 
ble than that of other hickories. 
Carya glabra, Torrey. (Carya porcina, Nuttall. \— 
