282 FOREST CULTURE AND 
of 11 per cent. alkaloids, nearly 6 per cent. quinine, 
the rest quinidin and cinchonin. 
= In Java some of the best results were obtained with 
Cinchona Hasskarliana, Miq., a species seemingly as 
yet not critically identified. 
Cinchona succirubra, Pavon.—Middle andine re- 
gions of Peru and Ecuador. A tree attaining a 
height of 40 feet, yielding the red Peru-bark, rich in 
quinine and cinchonidin. It is this species which is 
predominantly cultivated on the mountains of Ben- 
gal. All these chinchonas promise to become of im- 
portance for culture in the warmest regions of our for- 
est-land, on places not readily accessible or eligible 
for cereal culture. The Peruvian proverb that Cin- 
chona-trees like to be ‘‘ within sight of snow’’ gives 
some clue of the conditions under which they thrive 
best. They delight in the shelter of forests, where 
there is an equable temperature, no frost, some hu- 
midity at all times both in air and soil, where the 
ground is deep and largely consists of the remnants 
of decayed vegetable substances, and where the sub- 
soil is open. Drippage from shelter-trees too near 
will be hurtful to the plants. Closed valleys and deep 
gorges, into which cold air will sink, are also not well 
adapted for cinchona-culture. In our colony, we 
ought to consociate the Peru-bark plants with natu- 
rally growing fern-trees, but only in our warmest val- 
leys of richest soil. The best temperature for Cin- 
chonas is from 53 degrees to 66 degrees F.; but they 
mostly will endure in open places a minimum of 32 - 
degrees F.; in the brush shades of the Botanic Gar- 
den of Melbourne, where years ago already Cinchonas 
were raised by the thousands, they have even resisf- 
