326 FOREST CULTURE AND 
years, maintains its ground well by the ease with 
which it disseminates itself spontaneously. Several 
sorts, which scarcely can be called varieties, are under 
cultivation. Rye-grass stands the dry heat of our 
Summers well, | It is likely to spread gradually over 
the whole of the Australian continent, and may play 
an important part in our pastoral affairs, and also in 
ameliorating the clime of the desert districts. 
Lupinus albus, L.—The White Lupine. * Countries 
at the Mediterranean Sea, alsoin the Orient. An an- 
nual quick-growing herb, valuable for fodder and for 
green manure. The lentil-like seeds, after the bitter 
principle (Lupinin) has become removed through boil- 
ing, become edible. It would lead too far to enumer- 
ate here many others of the numerous species of Lu- 
pines, of which unquestionably very many are eligi- 
ble for agrarian purposes, while all are acceptable as 
hardy, elegant, and easily-grown garden plants. One 
(L. perennis, L.) extends in America to the Northern 
States of the Union, and Canada; fourteen are record- 
ed from South Europe, seventeen from Brazil, and 
numerous species from other parts of America, where 
the limits of the genus are about Montevideo south- 
ward and about Nootka Sound northward. The ma- 
jority of the species is perennial. The Egyptian L. 
Termis, Forsk., is closely allied to L. albus, and of 
equal use. 
Lupinus luteus, L.—The Scented Yellow Lupine. 
Countries in the vicinity of the Mediterranean Sea. 
This likewise annual species is predominently in use 
through Middle Europe, to improve sandy soil. It 
can also be employed like some other Lupines asa 
fodder herb. About 90 pounds of seeds are required 
for an acre. . . 
