RUCALYPTUS TREES. 391 
Europe, North Asia, North America, particularly in 
the frigid zone. A perennial but herbaceous plant ; 
a pigmy among its congeners. Nevertheless it is rec- 
ommended for introduction to our spongy, mossy, al- 
pine moors, on account of its grateful amber-colored 
or red fruit. All the species can readily be raised 
from seeds. R. Arcticus, L., also with edible fruit, 
is in the high north usually its companion. Near to 
us we have a similar little herb, living for a great 
part of the year in snow, namely Rubus Gunnianus, 
Hook. It occurs on the alpine heights of Tasmania, 
from whence it might be easily transferred to our 
snowy mountains and those of New Zealand. The 
fruit of R. Gunnianus is red and juicy, but not always 
well developed. 
Rubus cuneifolius, Pursh.—The Sand Blackberry. 
North America. A dwarf shrub. The fruit is of 
agreeable taste. 
Rubus deliciosus, Torrey. —On the sources of the 
Missouri. An erect shrub. Fruit raspberry - like, 
large, and grateful. 
Rubus fruticosus, L.*—The ordinary Blackberry or 
Bramble. All Europe, North Africa, Middle and 
Northern Asia. This shrub bears well in our clime. 
In some countries it is a favorite plant for hedges. 
It likes, above all, calcareous soil, though it is con- 
tent with almost any, and deserves to be naturalized 
on the rivulets of our ranges. R. corylifolius, Sm., 
R. suberectus, Andr., and R. leucostachys, Sm., are 
varieties like many other named kinds of European 
blackberries, or perhaps belong to the closely-allied 
R. cesius, L., the English dewberry ; or, in some 
instances, hybrid forms may have arisen from the 
