398 FOREST CULTURE AND 
Osier-plantations in humid places should therefore be 
drained. The cuttings are best taken from branches 
one or two years old, and are to be planted as close as 
1 foot by 13 feet. No part of the cutting must remain 
uncovered, in order that only straight shoots may be 
obtained ; manuring and plowing between the rows 
is thus also facilitated, after*the crop has been gath- 
ered, and this, according to the improved Belgian 
method, must be done by cutting the shoots close to 
the ground after the fall of the leaves. 
Salvia officinalis, L.—The Garden Sage. Countries 
at the Mediterranean Sea. A somewhat shrubby 
plant, of medicinal value, pervaded by essential oil. 
Among nearly half a thousand species of this genus 
some are gorgeously ornamental. 
Sambucus nigra, L.—The ordinary Elder. Europe, 
North Africa, Middle Asia. The flowers are of me- 
dicinal value, and an essential oil can be obtained 
from them. The wood can be utilized for shoe-pegs 
and other purposes of artisans. The berries are used 
for coloring port wine and for other purposes of dye. 
Santalum cygnorum, Miquel.—South-western Aus- 
tralia, where this tree yields scented sandal-wood. 
Santalum Preissianum, Miq. (S. acuminatum, A. 
de Cand.)—The Quandang. Desert-country of extra- 
tropical Australia. The fruits of this small tree are 
called Native Peaches. As both the succulent, outer 
part, and kernel are edible, it is advisable to raise the 
plant in desert - tracts, where the species does not 
occur, since, moreover, it becomes gradually sacrific- 
ed on many native places by pasture operations. 
Santalum Yasi, Seemann.—The Sandal-tree of the 
Fiji Islands, where it grows on dry and rocky hills, 
